Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man, has had congestive heart failure for?Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man, has had congestive heart failure for the past 5 years. His doctor has told him that his heart is not functioning well, needing more and more medicine to maintain circulatory function. He has noticed that he is not urinating more than once a day.
5. Why is the condition of Mr. Hodges's kidneys affecting the rest of his body?
6. As his chronic renal failure worsens, what other symptoms and signs might occur in his respiratory, digestive, nervous, and urinary systems?
7. What is causing Mr. Hodges's kidney disease?
8. What are possible treatment options and prognosis?
Posted by gangadharan_nair
Reduced perfusion (blood flow) to the kidneys stimulates the release of renin – an enzyme which catalyses the production of the potent vasopressor angiotensin. Angiotensin and its metabolites cause further vasocontriction, and stimulate increased secretion of the steroid aldosterone from the adrenal glands. This promotes salt and fluid retention at the kidneys, also increasing the blood volume.
If a heart failure patient exhibits a resistance to or poor response to diuretic therapy, ultrafiltration or aquapheresis may be needed to achieve adequate control of fluid retention and congestion. The use of such mechanical methods of fluid removal can produce meaningful clinical benefits in patients with diuretic-resistant heart failure and may restore responsiveness to conventional doses of diuretics.
Device therapy: Use of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) or biventricular pacing is appropriate for some patients.
Posted by RHENE
Mr. Hodges has chronic Renal Failure. This means that his kidneys have failed to function properly. This also means that his body is no longer able to eliminate the metabolic toxic wastes his body is producing as the byproducts of the metabolic processes occurring in every cell of his body. When the amount of these metabolic wastes accumulate in the system, they begin to poison every cell in the body. This is how it affects the functions of the other organs in the different systems of the body. So as long as Mr. Hodges does not improve his urine output, he will deteriorate even if he is bombarded with drugs. Worse yet, the drugs will also aggravate his condition because their metabolites will also become additional poisons into his systems.
The best approach to Mr Hodges problem is first increase his water intake. Not any other fluid but water! Water is the best diuretic and the body only excretes more urine if the body is provided with more. The adult human body is at least 70% water. If this percentage lowers, like plants the cells will wither. This withering will cause cell deterioration and when it dies, its the beginning of an organ failure. So for cells to maintain good health, adequate hydration in the form of proper water intake is very important. Avoid dehydrating beverages like coffee, tea, soft drinks, sodas, colas, alcohol, energy drinks, and of course, diuretic drugs.
Unless the water requirement is met daily, Mr Hodges will continue to deteriorate because his cells will. Drugs will make him worse!
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