Can Someone Please Help me with these 2...I am lost and do not know where to begin?Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man, has had congestive heart failure for the past 5 years. His doctor has told him that his heart is not functioning well, needing more and more medicine to maintain circulatory function. He has noticed that he is not urinating more than once a day.
5. Why is the condition of Mr. Hodges's kidneys affecting the rest of his body?
6. As his chronic renal failure worsens, what other symptoms and signs might occur in his respiratory, digestive, nervous, and urinary systems?
7. What is causing Mr. Hodges's kidney disease?
8. What are possible treatment options and prognosis?
Ms. Jones, a 68-year-old female, underwent open-heart surgery to replace several blocked vessels in her heart. On her first day postoperatively, it was noted that she had very little urine output.
1. What is happening to Ms. Jones's kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom?
2. What other symptoms and signs might occur?
3. What is causing Ms. Jones's kidney disease?
4. What are possible treatment options and prognosis?
Posted by tomtom222
hi, you have presented a complicated question. i am a final year med student and i will try my best to answer your questions. in the case of mr. Hodges, the kidneys are the organs that filter waste out the body and into the bladder creating urine. if kidneys are failing it means they are not working at peak efficiency therefore not filtering enough waste out of the body hence there is less urine to excrete. as all the unwanted waste is building up, this can have effects in other parts of the body, mr hodges may expect to experience headaches, jaundice, nausea, loss of appetite, renal pains .. these symptoms can be manages by dialysis and other medications. the exact cause of kidney disease is unknown however, it is common place among the elderly.. kidneys may fail when a person gets older. at his age, it is possible hey may need dialysis to maintain kidney function, in the elderly with kidney failure prognosis is unfortunately not so good. another possible option is a kidney transplant from a donor.
in the case of ms. jones, her presentation with poor urine output after one day of surgery may only be related to the fact that her food intake before surgery may have been very limited. most people need to fast for up to 48 hours prior to any surgery therefore waste is not being produced so there may be less urine. there is no indication of kidney disease. email me if you wish to add more detail
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