Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across?

Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across?just need a second opinion..

11) Within the lungs, gas exchange occurs across
****A. alveoli. ***
B. tracheae.
C. bronchioles.
D. diaphragms.
E. bronchi.
12) Labored breathing, coughing, lung infection, and respiratory failure are characteristics defining
****A. tuberculosis. ***
B. meningitis.
C. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
D. multiple sclerosis.
E. myasthenia gravis.
13) Why do cigarette smokers cough more than nonsmokers?
A. The tar in cigarette smoke tends to make alveoli stick together, and coughing separates them.
****B. Cigarette smoke harms the cilia that normally move debris out of the lungs, and coughing is the remaining way to clean the lungs. ****
C. Cigarette smoking partially paralyzes the muscles in the lungs, resulting in an increased residual volume, and coughing exchange this "dead air."
D. Coughing stimulates blood flow to the lungs.
E. By raising the pressure in the lungs, coughing forces more oxygen into the blood.
14) Inhalation in humans is achieved by
A. contraction of muscles in the lungs.
***B. contraction of the diaphragm. ***
C. relaxation of the diaphragm and chest muscles.
D. relaxation of the diaphragm.
E. contraction of the diaphragm and chest muscles.
15) Compared to the vital capacity, how much air can lungs actually hold?
A. always less
B. some times less
****C. always more ***
D. sometimes more
E. always the same amount
16) Medullary breathing centers directly sense and respond to
****A. blood pH and CO2 concentration. ***
B. blood O2 concentration.
C. alveolar CO2 concentration
D. alveolar O2 concentration.
E. blood pH and O2 concentration.
17) In a mammal, blood leaving the lungs goes to
A. the kidneys.
***B. the heart. ***
C. the limbs.
D. the liver.
E. the brain.
18) Oxygen moves from blood into the interstitial fluid and then to body cells because
***A. it diffuses from a region of higher partial pressure to a region of lower partial pressure. ***
B. it diffuses from a region of lower partial pressure to a region of higher partial pressure.
C. it descends down an osmotic gradient, following the movement of water.
D. the cells of the body create molecular attractions that pull the oxygen to them.
E. oxygen diffuses from a higher to a lower pH.
19) The oxygen-carrying component in red blood cells is
A. carbon dioxide.
B. hemoglobin.
C. bicarbonate ions.
D. ***iron. ****
E. the cell membrane.
20) What prompts a newborn baby to start to breathe?
A. An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the baby's blood
B. a decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the baby's blood
C. a change in the temperature on the surface of the skin
D. exposure to air
**E. an increase in the pH of the baby's blood**

Posted by James
All of the above.

Posted by reiii
Ques 12) C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Tuberculosis does not cause symptoms such as labored breathing, although it does result in coughing.

Ques 16) C. Medullary breathing centers (i.e. CPG) does not respond to blood pH as carbonic acid (the product of carbon dioxide and water) can not cross the blood brain barrier. Arterial/alveolar CO2 is converted into acid once past the blood brain barrier, and is thus sensed by the central chemoreceptors.

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